How Melatonin Keeps Your Mitochondria Healthy

The pineal gland produces most of the melatonin that circulates through the body and regulates circadian rhythms. Another type of melatonin is produced inside our cells, by mitochondria. “Melatonin and mitochondria go together,” says nutrition scientist Deanna Minich, PhD, CNS, IFMCP.

Known as the power­houses of our cells, mito­chondria produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, which fuels virtually everything our cells do (learn more about these essential molecules and how to keep yours healthy at “The Care and Feeding of Your Mitochondria.”)

Because of their role in energy production and cellular health, mitochondria also influence how we age. Dysfunctional mitochondria can contribute to cellular senescence — the loss of a cell’s ability to divide and function properly. Senescent cells release inflammatory signals, driving much of the chronic inflammation and tissue damage associated with age-related decline.

Mitochondrial dysfunc­tion has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like dementia, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis. Poor mitochondrial health can also contribute to type 2 diabetes, cardio­vascular disease, and psychiatric disorders.

The presence of melatonin and other antioxidants in mitochondria is key to preventing such dysfunction and damage. “Now we know that melatonin is synthesized in the mitochondria, and it seems to be very efficient at protecting mitochondria from damage,” says Russel Reiter, PhD, one of the world’s leading melatonin experts.