How to Build Immune Resilience (Performance & Longevity Series)

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Transcript: How to Build Immune Resilience (Performance & Longevity Series)

Season 11, Episode 18  | September 25, 2025

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Welcome to Life Time Talks in our series on performance and longevity with MIORA. I’m Jamie Martin, and in this episode, I’m joined by Life Time’s Chief Science Officer, Jim LaValle, and we are talking immune health. A strong immune system is essential for health, especially as we age. Every-day factors shape our immune health, including stress, exercise, sleep, nutrition, and more. In this episode, we’re going to cover the many influences on the immune system and offer practical insights for boosting your immune health.

Jim, thanks for being back with me.

It’s always good to be here with you.

All right. We’re going to dive right in. So we hear a lot about the role of how stress and cortisol affect our bodies on a day-to-day basis.

Sure.

How specifically do they affect our immune health?

Well, so cortisol — basically, when you’re under chronic stress and you’re pumping out a lot of cortisol, cortisol ends up shifting your immune system. There’s two sides to your immune system.

You can almost think of it as a seesaw. There’s the Th1 side, which is natural killer cells and T killer cells. Go fight the good fight. And then the Th2 side is acquired immunity. So when you say get sensitive or allergic to something, or you’re triggering chronic inflammation, that’s the Th2 side.

So what cortisol does is it tends to shift you towards the Th2 side. So more allergies, more sensitivity, more inflammatory signaling. And basically, when you get under stress, your T killer cells, they kind of sit around. They’re a little lazy. They don’t want to fight the good fight. So when you get a virus, and now your body can’t fight it off as well. And that’s why you hear about it all the time, that when you’re under stress, that you’re less effective at fighting off that cold or flu.

OK, got it. So that’s in one way how stress hinders us with the immune health. I mean, we need a certain amount of good stress in our bodies, right? So what about that? I mean, because again, is that when the killer cells, the Th1s come out and help? ‘Cause when we have that cut on our hand, or whatever that looks like?

Sure. Yeah. I mean, once again, cortisol is good. And when cortisol is good, your immune system is in balance. The seesaw is in balance. And so you need an appropriate immune response to a bug.

You need an appropriate immune response to an injury. Those are acute things that happen, right? So that’s when you really want your immune system to shift into high gear and then attack or repair.

But in the end, what’s supposed to happen is that you turn off that signal and your body goes back to homeostasis, basically being in balance. Not thinking that it has to fight or attack anything.

Right. OK. So we put good stress on our body in the form of exercise. What does that look like for our immune system?

Well, it’s interesting because we’ve said this before in previous episodes, the harder you train, the more you need to recover. The harder you train, the more difficult it is for your immune system to recover. And in fact, you can push your immune system to where you’re less resilient. So one of the key things of overtraining syndrome is less resilience to either colds and flu.

So that’s one of the things you can find out if you’re training too hard, and you notice all of a sudden this cold flu season, you’re getting sick and holding on to that bug too long, well, then you should take a look at that. The interesting thing about moderate exercise — and look, I like to train hard. I’ve learned that I should have hard days and I should have easy days. And that’s the value of having measurements like resting heart rate, and heart rate variability, and all those things.

Moderate exercise actually improves immune function. So that’s why it’s good to really track. Well, if I’m exercising, am I training at my best performance capacity, getting the most potential gains, and at the same time, keeping my body as resilient as possible?

Right.

Right? It’s that combination of things that we’re really looking for. So it’s kind of important to do a self-evaluation and understand, am I pushing too hard? Because remember, you’re layering this — for most of us, we’re layering the stress of our workday, and our families. And everything about our daily lives are being layered on top of the fact that we like to exercise, right?

Yes, we need to move our bodies. That’s part of it. And to your point, if we go too hard, how do those additional layers of stress add up as a whole?

Exactly. Right.

OK.

Exactly.

So what are some signs that we might be overtraining, that it’s too much? You already mentioned HRV and resting heart rate, but let’s talk through some of those things that could be indicating that we’re going too hard, like some actual measurements we can use.

Sure. Well, probably the most important things are first, how you’re feeling. So one would be, as we mentioned, more propensity towards colds and flues. I’m more prone for that. Two would be changes in mood. You can start to get flat. You could become you could become anxious. You could get agitated. So changes in mood. Fatigue, a big one. Sleep disturbance is a big one. And the big one that’s been in the literature over the last two years, finally we’re doing research on this, is you get shifts in the microbiome.

And so you can start to create what’s called dysbiotic flora, more unfriendly flora. And that can start to change things like, hey, I’m getting gassy, I’m getting bloated, maybe getting loose stools.

Those types of things can occur. And you always have to remember when you shift gut health by default, since 70% of your immune system is in your gut, you’re going to be shifting immune health as well.

So what could you look at in terms of markers now for hey, my immune system is off? Well, there’s a few things. First, you can look at your neutrophils, which are a part of your white blood cell count. And there’s a neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio where you’re looking at neutrophils, one component to your immune system, and then lymphocytes, another component. And that ratio is supposed to be somewhere around 1.7, to 2, to 1.

OK.

If you’re really pushing hard and your neutrophils are starting to go down, that’s starting to mean you’re putting your body in a chronic immune stress. So that’s one. The other one that I talk about all the time and educate on is something called the monocytes, eosinophil and basophils. That’s a lot. I know.

That is a mouthful of stuff to try and remember. OK, got it. Monocytes.

I got it all out. It was great. I call it MEBs just to make it easy.

MEBs, I’m going to write that down.

And it turns out that you can use — that’s called a differential for those because you’re getting a percentage of them. As your eosinophils go up, that’s kind of related to allergies and sensitivities.

And remember, when your cortisol is going high, you push towards that. So you can look at that eosinophil percent count and go, wait a second, that’s trending high. I really don’t have any allergies yet, but you know what? I’m starting to feel sensitive to a food.

That could mean that gut permeability has been changing, and now you’re starting to have a little bit more of that type of reaction where the antigen-presenting cells are getting presented dust, or mold, or pollen, or almonds, or broccoli, whatever, and you’re reacting. So that’s the eosinophils.

And basophils are a great marker to find out, are you making more inflammatory cytokines? So you’ve got pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines. You don’t want to make too many pro-inflammatory ones because that means that your body, once again, is in that low brushfire state. That silent inflammation that’s going on. And then monocytes are really important because as you crank up those monocytes, monocytes actually activate another immune cell component.

I know this sounds complicated, but it —

I know.

—and that’s because it is. But really, can understand it pretty simply when you think of, I’m pushing my body hard, I start making more monocytes, and monocytes can lead to making macrophages. And you hear about macrophages because they go out and they attack things and digest them. But you make, once again, pro-inflammatory macrophages and anti-inflammatory macrophages.

So when you’re making pro-inflammatory macrophages, well, that means you’re putting your body in a position to chronically drive inflammation, which is a big component of your immune system. So when we think of our immune system, I think a lot of times — and I think COVID changed the thought process on this. People are much more engaged. When I was talking about the immune system 10 years ago, everybody was falling asleep.

And now we’ve heard — like cytokines, we’ve heard of that, a lot of people, because of COVID, right?

That’s it. No, that’s exactly it. People got aware of their immune system. And so, we have that immune response as it relates to, hey, am I fighting off colds and flues? And of course, as we age, one of the top five causes of death in the elderly is when they get a cold or flu. Because their immune system’s kind of been worn down through aging, and maybe they haven’t worked on their immune health. And so that’s one piece.

And then that other piece of the immune system is regulating that chronic buffering of inflammation signaling based on stress, work, workout, sleep or not enough sleep, am I exposed to anything?

And all of those things create the world of your immunity. And so your immune system is really at the central focus of how we’re going to age.

A lot of people don’t think of their immune system as that. They’re thinking, hey, it’s my hormones, or, gee, it’s my blood sugar. It’s all of that because all of that gets influenced by your immune system. But the immune system sits in the center of why our — for example, people hear the term telomeres. Why our telomeres get shortened as we’re aging, is because of triggering inflammation due to our immune response, and then those telomeres shorten.

Right.

Right? So it’s really important for us to understand it. You want to understand your immune system. You want to nourish your immune system. You want to make it an active partner in your health.

Absolutely. Well, I think what you just said is so important, because we’ve had dedicated episodes to inflammation, that’s been a standalone episode. But understanding that the immune system is where some of that inflammation is triggered. To your point, it’s central to all of this. And so in many ways, it feels that’s again another foundational piece. It’s like, how do we begin to take care of our immune system?

Right.

Before we get to that, you mentioned the neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio, and you mentioned the MEBs, which I’m just going to keep it short there. But how do we even begin to measure those? I mean, obviously there’s testing that you can request, but what would be — is that something that you can just go to your health provider and ask for? It’s not something I feel like I’ve personally heard about, so is it something that you have to request?

And actually, it’s a part of most blood tests.

Like this?

The standard blood test. Yeah, you get what’s called a CMP, a comprehensive metabolic panel, and you get something called a CBC.

Yes, that’s the one I was thinking of.

Right. So when you get the CBC, if you don’t ask for a CBC with a differential, you won’t get the percent monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.

Got it.

You’ll just get a total of those.

And actually when you’re calculating the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, you are using the total. But then you want to look at that extra value. I can tell you right now, the MEB side of looking at the monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, probably one of the most important things that I look at for individuals.

Interesting.

Because the higher it goes, the more reactive actually your immune system is. And I usually tell people, add the three of them up. And if you can keep that number of the three of those together around 10, you’re probably in pretty good shape. Now, how that changes a little bit, any one of those numbers could be high, which would tell you, oh-oh, there’s a clue there. Right?

Yeah.

That’s a breadcrumb on the trail. And so the total number may be 10, but maybe your eosinophils are five or six. And that’s kind of high, and that’s telling us that you’re starting to get that immune reaction coming from your gut.

Got it. OK, so those are the things that we can clue in and be able to ask for a little bit more detail around, or even when you get those results, so often — I’m just going to go here for a second. Is like you get those results in — you get it —

In the lab result.

Or in a lab result. Or you log into the portal and you’re like, oh, there are my results. It says it’s normal. I think that’s the opportunity where — I don’t want to decipher that and assume something based on that, which I think is important in terms of why working with a health care provider in a really connected and having a relationship with your healthcare provider so you can have the conversation.

Yeah, I think it’s essential. I think for so long people get a callback, and if your numbers aren’t out of bounds, the answer you get is, your labs are normal.

Exactly.

And that’s it. And normal isn’t optimal. Normal isn’t ideal. Normal just means you don’t have an illness yet. I wrote a book, gosh, back in 2013, actually, the second edition will come out this year called Your Blood Never Lies. And that basically goes through lab tests and what do they mean. And then I think, more importantly, I think you bring up the point, you need to have a partner in your health.

Yes.

Somebody that you’re checking in regularly with. If you’re really interested in healthspan, you want to dial your chemistry in to be the best it can be. That’s where having a partner, like the programs we’ve developed at MIORA, and having practitioner oversight, and being able to have the relationship where you have questions, you can get those answers. And you’re tethered, right?

You’re tethered to that provider in our group so that you’re really reaching for your best possible health in an organized way.

Absolutely. It makes such a huge difference to be able to reach out, send a message, ask a question, if there’s something of concern or something that you just aren’t sure about.

Yeah, exactly.

It’s huge.

That’s right.

So two other measurements. I know we talk a little bit about using our devices to give us information. One of them that we’ve talked about is the HRV and the resting heart rate. How can those potentially clue us in to where we are at from an immune health standpoint?

Yeah, great. That’s a great point. So when you think of, why do we measure HRV, why do we measure resting heart rate? Well, one of it is, how fit are you?

Yeah.

Right? And the more fit you are, it turns out, the better your immune system is going to perform. And so we know that as your resting heart rate goes up, your sympathetic nervous system is dominating you, right? So your adrenaline and noradrenaline, versus your acetylcholine, your parasympathetic nervous system, you get out of balance. And that shift towards the sympathetic nervous system dominance has a direct effect on immune function.

Got it.

Right? So that’s why when you train, and if your heart rate goes up 10% from one day to the next, that’s a clue that, you know what? You pushed yourself pretty hard, and maybe today, you should dial it down a little bit, do a different kind of exercise. Maybe that’s, you know what? I haven’t taken a Pilates, training in a while. I haven’t done yoga. I didn’t do a good stretch in a long time. I didn’t take a zone 2 walk. Right? It’s adapting to what your body is telling you.

And obviously, when your HRV goes down, that’s another sign that you’re stuck more in sympathetic dominance. And once again, that sympathetic dominance is a pro-inflammatory state.

Yeah.

So when your blood pressure is slightly high, and your cortisol’s high, and your heart rate’s going up, and your heart rate variability is going down, you’re in a pro-inflammatory state, versus when you have good heart rate variability. Your heart rate is staying solid in the low 60s 50s. I pride myself on getting down in the 40 seconds here and there.

[LAUGHTER]

That’s where you know, OK, I’m managing my exercise so I get optimal performance, optimal recovery, and most importantly, optimal resiliency for my immune function.

Yeah, that makes total sense to me. And what I love about that is, again, I’m not going to go get my CBC panel done, probably maybe twice a year at for most people.

That’s right.

But if I’m wearing my watch, like a smart watch of any sort, they’re now starting to track those things. So that can be my regular clue into maybe where things are at for me. And if I can use that to inform again, my next step, what I’m going to do tomorrow, or today versus tomorrow or yesterday, that’s huge for me to have that data.

Well, I think it’s essential. I love the wearable revolution that’s taking place because people start to gain awareness of what they’re doing and how it’s impacting their body.

Yeah.

And I mean, before it was like, hey, I go and get a blood test once a year. And maybe you had a trainer who was looking at your heart rate, and maybe you had a heart rate variability band, you got the Polar H10 on and you’re looking at that. And that was being very forward-thinking as little as five years ago.

Right.

If you think about how quickly the wearable revolution is just taking off —

absolutely.

—and getting more and more metrics to your health, it’s fantastic to be able to do it. I do put a caveat to it. You don’t want to be freaked out about it.

Right.

Right?

Don’t let it rule you.

Don’t let it rule you. Don’t have it be a situation where, oh my God, my heart rate went up two points. You want to make sure that it’s a tool, and it’s an informative tool, and it’s going to help you to guide immune health.

And one of the big ones on immune health which we didn’t mention so far, it’s sleep. There was one — there was a statistic that came out, oh, God, it had to be 10 years ago, or more for that matter, that if you sleep five hours a night, you’re nine times more likely to get a cold or flu. Wow and there’s a —

Significant.

And there’s a lot — and what we don’t know is a lot of that gray area between, eh, I’m getting six. We do know that seven to nine hours is repeatedly in the literature that says, hey, look, if you can get seven to nine hours of restful sleep — but I gotta tell you, I ask that question no matter where I go and speak. I mean, I don’t care whether it’s a room full of doctors, a room full of consumers, a room full of plumbers. It doesn’t matter.

They all of a sudden are — I ask the question, how many people in the room get seven to nine hours of restful sleep, don’t wake up in the middle of the night, and wake up rested, refreshed and ready to go for the next day? And you might get one or two hands go up.

Yeah.

So.

And these are the healthcare providers, right, in many cases?

Exactly.

You’re like, we all need more sleep.

Exactly, exactly.

Oh, man. So how can we support a healthy gut then, I mean, from a nutrition standpoint, potentially? Because I know that there are certain things that we can do from a more targeted supplementation standpoint to really start to support healthy gut, healthy immune system.

Sure. So a couple basic ones are vitamin C. You need vitamin C because vitamin C fuels your white blood cells when you get a cold or flu bug. You use it up. The other one is glutamine. Glutamine is actually very important. It’s an amino acid and it helps maintain the integrity of your mucosal barrier and the thickness of those epithelial cells or the cells that line the intestine. Now remember, those cells are only one cell layer thick.

That always amazes me when I hear that stat, that’s tiny.

Tiny.

Tiny.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. It’s thinner than a hair. And then you think of that’s the same for the brain because the immune system and the brain, super important. And that’s why we end up with problems there. And glutamine, it turns out, helps with the integrity of these barriers and helps with something called Heat Shock Protein 70, which is an immune — it just helps create immune response.

OK.

And so vitamin C, glutamine, kind of easy to understand. Using things to chronically support your immune system versus when you get sick —

Yes.

Right? They’re two different things. Things like echinacea, goldenseal, elderberry extract, very popular. Those are great when you feel something coming on. And the earlier you feel something coming on, the quicker you want to jump on those type of remedies, because they stimulate the immune system. But you don’t want to stimulate the immune system all the time. So it’s not like you take echinacea as a preventative. You take it when you feel something coming on.

Compounds like colostrum.

Hmm.

So colostrum is great for the immune system as it relates to the gut. Helps build a healthy mucosal barrier. That’s a great supplement that you would consider on a daily basis. And then Moducare is another one. It’s a plant sterol and sterolin. And it feeds immune cells and helps keep your immune system, that seesaw of Th1 and Th2 in balance.

OK.

All right, so that’s a really good. And then, of course, you get to the gut, and one of the main things that can help that is probiotics. Turns out that the probiotics will reduce the incidence and severity of colds and flues, and helps build a healthy immune response in your gut. And then, of course, when you’re taking a probiotic, you want to think about taking prebiotics, which basically come in the form of fiber, because the fiber is going to help feed the probiotics. So now you keep your microbiome healthy between taking fiber, taking probiotics. That’s another great strategy for immune health.

And then obviously, look at your vitamin D levels.

Yeah, critical.

Your vitamin D is critical. And most people that I see, I mean, it doesn’t matter where they live. I mean, we think, oh, they live in a sunny state, they don’t need vitamin D. That’s not the case. So get your vitamin D levels checked. Typically that’s done now with everybody. And consider being on vitamin D, and just getting it to an optimized level. Once again, some people will overdo it, that’s not a good thing. You really should get your levels checked for that.

And then you can think about the last thing on gut health. I mean, what’s been real popular over the last, oh, I don’t know, especially the last five years, are peptides. So peptides are this emerging area. They’ve been around for a hundred years in terms of pharmaceutical science. The first peptide was insulin, that’s a hundred years ago. But there’s peptides that can help support, so that’s great.

And then you can think of the old standards that are great in terms of botanicals, things like grapefruit seed extract, helps to knock off the unfriendly bugs, populate the good bugs. Cat’s claw, which everybody kind of laughs, is a really cat’s claw? No, it’s not, it’s a vine. And it’s one of the big immune support products for the gut. So it’s really great at helping to support immune function in the gut. So, I mean, that’s a pretty big variety of things that you can be doing.

Yeah, well. And I love that you broke it down between, here’s what you’re doing on a consistent basis, but then there’s some more targeted things when you feel that first sign of the cold or a compromised immune system happening. Right?

Exactly.

OK, this is all about longevity and performance, so I want to make sure that we talk about how immunity changes as we age. You alluded to this earlier. We talked about it briefly, but I think it’s important to talk about why it shifts and what’s happening on a physiological level in our bodies.

Sure. So if we go back to one of our earlier talks, and we think of metabolic inflammation. So metabolic inflammation can be caused by environmental burden, so we get exposed to things. It can be caused by stress. It can be caused by blood sugars, alterations, diet, right, exercise. All those different things that influence — lack of sleep is a biggie. All those different things that then start to trigger the pathway of inflammation.

So as we’re aging, obviously, we have the burden of all those years that we’ve lived, and the exposures, and the stresses, and all of those things. And so as your body starts to move towards shifting in that inflammatory state, your immune system is what takes the brunt of that. So it is responding and releasing more of the inflammatory compounds that damage your DNA, damage your cell membrane, creates neuroinflammation in the brain.

So as you’re aging, I always call it raging against aging, that’s what we’re trying to do. So as you’re aging it’s that process of, I’ve had years of wear and tear on my neuroendocrine immune relationships. And that process starts to almost be — it depends. If you remember, I said, aging is a disease. So the more that you can push back and balance your immune system as you’re aging, you don’t suffer that path towards being more prone to illnesses, more prone to autoimmunity, because that’s a big area.

Autoimmune disorders are a big, big problem in our country and they’re on the rise.

Yes.

And a lot of that has to do with the fact that we’ve really done a great job at disrupting our microbiome. Even Dr. Fasano’s work out of Harvard, he’s published multiple papers showing the correlation to the gut, the immune system, and then eventual autoimmunity, right?

Yep.

And so I think it’s just important to realize that in general, as we age, and if we’re not proactive with our health, our body will slowly or rapidly devolve into an inflammatory state. And that’s called inflammaging. And inflammation leads to inflammaging. And so our job is to really figure out for each of us, what are the strategies that we’re willing to do in our daily lives? Everybody’s got a different level of commitment, right?

What’s your willingness to take on these.

What’s your willingness to take on these things so that you can live the best life you can as long as you can.

Absolutely. So let’s talk about just briefly, a few of those proactive things we can do. Because I know we’ve talked about already some of the supplementation, some of the nutrition choices we can make. There’s also things like sauna, and red light, and PEMF. What about some of those additional things that we can incorporate into our lives to support immune health?

Sure. Yeah, so some things that you could do, I mean PEMF or PEMF, I think is fantastic. It’s been around quite a while. I think I got my first PEMF machine 20 years ago and when it wasn’t very common. And so what that’s doing is it’s creating an electromagnetic field that’s actually strengthening your mitochondria and decreasing the signals of inflammation in your tissues.

So PEMF is pretty exciting, actually.

That’s awesome.

Love red light therapy. We know there’s lots of studies that are now coming out showing that red light therapy helps to push you out of the pro-inflammatory side back into the anti-inflammatory side, especially as it relates to aging and collagen in your skin.

Oh, yeah.

I mean, red light therapy is terrific because our skin’s a great indicator of free radical damage and what’s happening with our immune system. Right?

Yeah.

And so that’s important. People are doing cold plunges, for example, if they like to do them. I’m not a big cold plunge fan personally, but I do know they’re good. There’s some great literature. I think, once again, we tend to do this in our country, anything worth doing is worth overdoing.

Yeah.

I don’t know that we’re meant to cold plunge every day, but incorporating cold plunge — now, if you have a condition like Raynaud’s, which a lot of women have Raynaud’s, some men have Raynaud’s. That’s where you get spasming in your peripheral blood flow under cold, you don’t want to do cold plunge.

Right.

But for other people, it’s great, because it’s somewhat resets the immune system. It’s a shock that helps to reset the immune system and get you out of that pro-inflammatory state, drive parasympathetic tone, get out of that sympathetic tone. So cold plunging, great. Cryotherapy’s got some great evidence to it. And look, just get a massage, break up the fascia.

Move things. Yeah.

Right? Because the fascia, when it gets twisted, and torqued, and compressed, now all of a sudden, we’re not moving oxygen into our tissues, which is going to accelerate our aging and activate our immune system, because we’re not getting out the waste products of our metabolism out of our muscle tissue. So there’s a lot that you can do. And I’m still going to lean back into, and I know we’re going to talk about sleep specifically, but one of the biggest things people can do to support their immune health is to get a good night’s sleep.

I know that’s easier said than done, because we’re busy, we’ve got a lot of light pollution. So now we’ve got — people are wearing their blue light blockers, and they’re wearing Faraday glasses, and all these good things. And I’m going to still lean back into, just make sure it fits into your lifestyle, and that doesn’t become a hassle.

Right.

Right? It’s like, oh my gosh, I’ve got to do my cold plunge today, and then I got to go do my red light. Make it a part of your lifestyle. That’s why I’ve always liked Life Time is the healthy way of life company. Right?

It’s not like the trend for this moment, right? [LAUGHS]

No, it’s, what are you going to incorporate? What resonates with you? Even things like Normatec boots. Being able to get blood flow back into your lower limbs after exercise. All of these things have a role to play. And look, don’t forget, the single biggest thing that triggers inflammation in your body, which is, of course, immune disruption, are those big swings in blood sugar that occur if you’re taking in too much sugar, taking in too many carbs, and just you’re sensitive to that swing. That’s going to be a big trigger.

So diet’s huge. Using tools like red light therapy, like sauna, great, cold plunge, all of those, great therapies. But you got to make sure you’re grounded in those basics of good sleep, manage stress, eat a healthy diet. And when I say that, it’s just eat a diet that’s not going to swing your blood sugars like crazy.

Right. It’s back to the many pillars that we talk about on repeat in many cases.

Exactly.

Because that’s why they’re so important. That’s why we do it. OK, my last question is kind of tied to the future of stuff, because I know one thing you alluded to is the role of stem cells, potentially when it comes to immune health. So I want to just touch on that briefly.

Sure. So stem cells have been out for a while. The biggest problem with stem cells so far has been inconsistency. So you can get stem cells from a lot of different ways, right? The doctor may take it out of your fat, and then spin them down and generate stem cells. There’s umbilical stem cells. There’s placental stem cells. There’s exosomes.

But the future, I mean, Florida just passed you being able to use stem cells. So it’s coming in healthcare. And right now, I think what’s happening with stem cells, because where they have benefit is this, they give you back some immune function in an aging immune system. And your aging immune system could be accelerated.

You don’t have to be 70 to have an aging immune system. I mean, we saw that with the past pandemic that we had, that young people still are battling long haul, for example. Or you could be exposed to a virus, or mold, water-damaged buildings. All these things can be creating issues around immune function. So stem cells, I think, are the next horizon as we are able to standardize and normalize, OK, here are what are acceptable stem cells for therapy.

And I think it’s super exciting. I know you asked me to write a little piece on stem cells so I was kind of excited to do that, because I do think it’s one of the next horizon.

Yep, that’s coming soon. We’ll make sure to link to that when we get to it, so.

Great.

I love that. I love being able to look ahead and know there’s all these innovations happening. And knowing it’s still early days, but that there’s this thing on the horizon that could really be supportive for our health in the long term.

Absolutely.

So, all right, Jim, anything else to add before we sign off for this one?

No, I think we’ve covered it pretty thorough.

I think we got it.

All right.

OK. So if people want to learn more, they can visit miora.lifetime.life to learn about, not only immune health, but all of these different topics around health and wellness that really support our longevity and performance. Thanks, Jim.

Thanks for having me.

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